Int J Fatigue 59:254–261Īl-Khateeb G, Shenoy A (2011) A simple quantitative method for the identification of failure due to fatigue damage. And the least fatigue life among the three mixtures was light automobile waste tyre modified mixture.Īdedimila AS, Kennedy TW (1975) Repeated load indirect tensile fatigue characteristics of asphalt mixtures, Centre for Highway Research, University of Texas Austin, Research ReportĪl-Khateeb GG, Ghuzlan KA (2014) The Combined effect of loading frequency, temperature and stress level on the fatigue life of asphalt paving mixtures using IDT test configuration. The fatigue life of modified asphalt mixture was higher in case of 9% crumb rubber content. It was also perceived that the fatigue behaviour of asphalt concrete mixture modified with CRMB (crumb rubber modified bitumen) obtained from heavy automobile waste tyre was extensively higher compared to asphalt mixture modified with crumb rubber of light and medium automobiles. Outcomes from this research proved that the fatigue properties of asphalt mixtures were enhanced by the addition of crumb rubber as asphalt modifier. 35% of the indirect tensile strength of conventional asphalt mixture), at a predominant temperature of 32 ☌ and at a loading frequency of 1 Hz. So, the IDT fatigue tests were executed in stress-controlled manner at a stress of 200 kPa (i.e. In India the average temperature ranges from 32 to 40 ☌, while performing test the measured temperature was 32 ☌. The IDT fatigue test can be carried out at wide range of temperature from 5 to 40 ☌ and many researchers performed fatigue test over different temperatures apart from 25 ☌. As per ASTM D 4123-82 (1995), the IDT fatigue test can be conducted for stress level of 10–50% of the indirect tensile strength, hence we have chosen a stress of 35% of the indirect tensile strength of the conventional mixture. The indirect tension (IDT) fatigue test was performed to investigate the fatigue performance of bituminous asphalt mixture. Bituminous asphalt mixtures were prepared with crumb rubber (various automobile waste tyres) modified bitumen and crushed aggregates. All rights reserved.The prime concern of this investigation was to assess the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixtures by the addition of waste rubber tyre obtained from different automobiles, in powdered form. Zinc was the most abundant element in the acidified leachate (220-13000 microg g(-1)), while leachable BT was detected at relatively low amounts.Ĭopyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. An outdoor experiment under natural weathering conditions showed a significant reduction of out-gassing organic compounds from the CRM in the first 14 d thereafter, values remained consistent up to 70 d of observation. A decrease of volatile compounds was noted in the headspace over CRM samples from 2-years-old fields when compared with the virgin CRM used at installation. Other volatile PAHs and antioxidants were quantified in the vapor phase as well. Volatile benzothiazole (BT) was detected at the highest level in all commercial CRM samples, in the range 8.2-69 ng g(-1) CRM. Ten organic compounds were identified in the vapor phase by the SPME method. Direct vapor phase injection into the GC-MS was applied for the quantitative analysis. A qualitative method based on solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to identify the major volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds out-gassing from CRM samples under defined laboratory conditions. To assess potential risks of major volatilized and leached substances derived from CRM, methods were developed to identify organic compounds and elements, either in the vapor phase and/or the leachate from CRM. Crumb rubber material (CRM) used as infill on artificial turf fields can be the source of a variety of substances released to the environment and to living organisms in the vicinity of the CRM.
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